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Title: [Clinical and prognostic characteristics of REM sleep related obstructive sleep apnea in children].
Author: Wu YX, Feng GS, Xu ZF, Ni X.
Journal: Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi; 2023 Aug 07; 58(8):765-772. PubMed ID: 37599237.
Abstract:
Objective: To analyze the clinical and prognostic characteristics of rapid eye movement sleep related obstructive sleep apnea (REM-OSA) in children. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 62 children aged from 2 to 14 years who were admitted to Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University from December 2017 to April 2021, diagnosed with moderate to severe OSA by polysomnography monitoring (PSG), underwent adenoid tonsillectomy, and completed follow-up 6 months after surgery. There were 45 males (72.6%) and 17 females (27.4%). The age range was 2.0-12.3 years. All children completed the clinical data collection, PSG, OSA-18 quality of life questionnaire and Children's Sleep questionnaire-sleep related breathing disorder subscale at baseline. PSG and OSA-18 quality of life questionnaire were reexamined at 6 months after surgery. Children were divided into REM-OSA group (33 cases) and non-REM-OSA group (29 cases) according to whether the obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (OAHI) during rapid eye movement sleep and OAHI during non-rapid eye movement sleep ratio was≥2. Baseline PSG parameters and scale scores, 6-month postoperative cure rate and OSA-18 quality of life questionnaire scores of the 2 groups were compared, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 23.0 software. Results: There were no significant differences in age, sex, body mass index, neck circumference/height ratio, overweight or obesity, history of disease, tonsil and adenoid size between the two groups (all P>0.05). Compared with non-REM-OSA group, REM-OSA group had higher oxygen desaturation index and proportion of SpO2<90% of total sleep time (Z=-2.723, P=0.006;Z=-3.414; P=0.001 respectively), and lower SpO₂ nadir (Z=-3.957, P<0.001). The proportion of obstructive apnea in total respiratory events (related to anatomical factors) in REM-OSA group was higher than that in non-REM-OSA group (t=2.840, P=0.006). However, the proportion of central apnea in total respiratory events and arousal index (related to functional factors) in REM-OSA group was lower than that in non-REM-OSA group (t=-2.597, P=0.012;Z=-2.956, P=0.003), and there were no significant differences in other PSG parameters between the two groups (all P>0.05). There was an interaction effect between the two groups in the change trend of OSA cure rate at 6 months after surgery under different baseline OAHI (χ²=4.282, P=0.039). Conclusions: The weight of anatomic factors and functional factors in the etiology of children with REM-OSA and non-REM OSA was different, and the postoperative OSA cure rate of children with different baseline OAHI changed in reverse trend. 目的： 分析快速眼动睡眠相关阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（REM-OSA）儿童的临床特点及预后情况。 方法： 回顾性分析2017年12月至2021年4月就诊于首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院，经多导睡眠监测（PSG）诊断为中重度OSA，进行腺样体扁桃体切除术，且在术后6个月完成复诊的2~14岁儿童62例的临床资料。其中男45例（72.6%），女17例（27.4%），年龄2.0~12.3（5.9±2.4）岁。所有儿童在基线时均完成临床资料收集、PSG、OSA-18生活质量问卷和儿童睡眠问卷-睡眠呼吸障碍分量表，术后6个月复查PSG和OSA-18生活质量问卷。根据基线PSG中快速眼动睡眠期阻塞性呼吸暂停低通气指数（OAHI）与非快速眼动睡眠期OAHI比值是否≥2，将患儿分为REM-OSA组（33例）和非REM-OSA组（29例）。对比2组患儿基线PSG参数及量表得分、术后6个月治愈率及OSA-18生活质量问卷结果，使用SPSS 23.0进行统计学分析。 结果： 2组患儿在年龄、性别、体质量指数（BMI）、颈围/身高比、是否超重或肥胖、病史时间、扁桃体和腺样体大小上差异无统计学意义（P值均>0.05）。REM-OSA组的氧减指数、SpO₂<90%占总睡眠时间的比例高于非REM-OSA组（Z值分别为-2.723、-3.414，P值分别为0.006、0.001），而最低SpO₂低于非REM-OSA组（Z=-3.957，P<0.001）。REM-OSA组阻塞型呼吸暂停占总呼吸事件的比例（与解剖因素相关）高于非REM-OSA组（t=2.840，P=0.006），而中枢型呼吸暂停占总呼吸事件的比例和觉醒指数（均与功能因素相关）低于非REM-OSA组（t=-2.597、P=0.012，Z=-2.956、P=0.003），其余PSG指标两组间差异无统计学意义（P值均>0.05）。在不同基线OAHI情况下，2组患儿术后6个月OSA治愈率的变化趋势有交互效应（χ²=4.282，P=0.039）。 结论： 解剖因素和功能因素在REM-OSA与非REM-OSA患儿病因中所占的权重不同，2组患儿术后OSA治愈率在不同基线OAHI的情况下变化趋势相反。.

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