These tools will no longer be maintained as of December 31, 2024. Archived website can be found here. PubMed4Hh GitHub repository can be found here. Contact NLM Customer Service if you have questions.


Pubmed for Handhelds

PUBMED FOR HANDHELDS

Search MEDLINE/PubMed

  • Title: Standardized amino acid digestibility and nitrogen-corrected true metabolizable energy of frozen and freeze-dried raw dog foods using precision-fed cecectomized and conventional rooster assays.
    Author: Oba PM, Utterback PL, Parsons CM, Templeman JR, Swanson KS.
    Journal: J Anim Sci; 2023 Jan 03; 101():. PubMed ID: 37721156.
    Abstract:
    Commercial raw or minimally-processed diets, often referred to holistically as raw meat-based diets (RMBD) represent a small portion of the pet food market, but the growth of this sector has been significant in recent years. While traditionally, high-moisture, frozen options were the standard format of commercially available raw diets, freeze-dried raw diets have become more prevalent as of late. Despite the increasing popularity of these commercial raw diet formats, there is a dearth of literature describing their nutritional properties, particularly regarding freeze-dried diets. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to determine and compare the standardized amino acid (AA) digestibilities and nitrogen-corrected true metabolizable energy (TMEn) of raw frozen and freeze-dried dog foods using precision-fed cecectomized and conventional rooster assays. Three formats of frozen or freeze-dried raw diets provided by Primal Pet Foods (Fairfield, CA, USA) were tested: traditional freeze-dried nuggets (T-FDN), hybrid freeze-dried nuggets (H-FDN), and frozen nuggets (FZN). Diets were fed to cecectomized roosters (4 roosters/diet) to determine AA digestibilities, while conventional roosters (4 roosters/diet) were used to determine TMEn. In both cases, after 26 h of feed withdrawal, roosters were tube-fed 12 to 13 g of test diets and 12 to 13 g of corn. Following crop intubation, excreta were collected for 48 h. Endogenous corrections for AA were made using five additional cecectomized roosters. All data were analyzed using the Mixed Models procedure of SAS version 9.4. There were no significant differences in standardized AA digestibilities among diets, with digestibilities being high for all diets tested. For most of the indispensable AA, digestibilities were greater than or equal to 90% for all diets. Histidine and lysine were the exceptions, with digestibilities ranging from 82% to 87% and 87% to 92%, respectively. Moreover, the reactive lysine:total lysine ratio, a measure of heat damage, ranged from 0.91 to 0.95. TMEn values were higher (P = 0.0127) in T-FDN (6.1 kcal/g) and FZN (5.9 kcal/g) than H-FDN (5.3 kcal/g) and were most similar to those estimated by Atwater factors. In general, all diets tested had high AA digestibilities and had TMEn values that were most similar to Atwater factors. Commercial raw or minimally-processed diets represent a small portion of the pet food market, but the growth of this sector has been significant in recent years. Despite the increasing popularity of commercial frozen and freeze-dried raw diet formats, there is a dearth of literature describing their nutritional properties. The objective of this experiment was to determine the standardized amino acid (AA) digestibilities and nitrogen-corrected true metabolizable energy (TMEn) of raw frozen and freeze-dried dog foods using precision-fed cecectomized and conventional rooster assays. Diets tested included traditional freeze-dried nuggets (T-FDN), frozen nuggets (FZN), and hybrid freeze-dried nuggets (H-FDN). Diets were fed to cecectomized roosters to determine AA digestibilities, while conventional roosters were used to determine TMEn. In both cases, fasted roosters were tube-fed test diets, and excreta was collected. Standardized AA digestibilities were high for all AA (>90% for most indispensable AA) and were not different among diets. The reactive lysine: total lysine ratio, a measure of heat damage, ranged from 0.91 to 0.95. TMEn values were higher in T-FDN (6.1 kcal/g) and FZN (5.9 kcal/g) than H-FDN (5.3 kcal/g). In general, all diets tested had high AA digestibilities and had acceptable reactive lysine:total lysine ratios.
    [Abstract] [Full Text] [Related] [New Search]