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  • Title: Mediastinitis secondary to invasive infection by group A Streptococcus in Spain.
    Author: Mellado-Sola I, Cobo-Vázquez E, Calvo-Fernandez A, Cervantes E, Coca A, Calderón-Llopis B, Saavedra-Lozano J, Calvo C, PedGAS-net group.
    Journal: Eur J Pediatr; 2024 Jan; 183(1):503-507. PubMed ID: 37889290.
    Abstract:
    This study describes 5 mediastinitis cases secondary to invasive group A Streptococcus (iGAS) disease in a recent outbreak in Spain. Among 398 iGAS cases between January 2019-March 2023, 5 (1.3%) were mediastinitis, 4 occurring in December 2022, all secondary to pneumonia or deep neck infection. We outline the clinical outcome with a review of the scarce pediatric literature.  Conclusion: mediastinistis is a rare but severe complication of iGAS and a high level of suspicion is required to diagnose it. What is Known: • Group A Streptococcus can cause invasive and severe infections in children. • Mediastinitis is a severe complication from some bacterial infections, mainly secondary due to deep-neck abscesses. What is New: • Mediastinitis is an unrecognized complication due to an invasive group A Streptococcus (iGAS) infection. • In cases of a deep-neck abscess or complicated pneumonia a high clinical suspicion of iGAS mediastinitis is required, especially when the clinical course is not favorable.
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