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  • Title: Effect of the injection site on the pharmacokinetics of procaine penicillin G in horses.
    Author: Firth EC, Nouws JF, Driessens F, Schmaetz P, Peperkamp K, Klein WR.
    Journal: Am J Vet Res; 1986 Nov; 47(11):2380-4. PubMed ID: 3789498.
    Abstract:
    The plasma penicillin concentrations were determined in 5 horses given an IV injection of sodium penicillin G; plasma penicillin concentrations were also determined in a crossover experiment, where animals were given procaine penicillin G subcutaneously at 1 site and IM at 4 sites. The mean penicillin plasma peak concentration and bioavailability were highest after the drug was injected in the neck and biceps musculature. Injections in the gluteal muscle and in the subcutaneous sites resulted in similar, but lower, more persistent penicillin plasma concentrations and a lower bioavailability than were obtained with injection in the neck and biceps musculature. The pharmacokinetic data obtained after penicillin was administered via the pectoral muscle route exhibited an intermediate position. Therapeutic implications of the routes of administration with respect to hemolytic streptococcal infections are discussed.
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