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  • Title: Association between type 1 diabetes and systemic lupus erythematosus: a Mendelian randomization study.
    Author: Liu S, Si S, Li J, Zhao Y, Yu Q, Xue F.
    Journal: Clin Rheumatol; 2024 Jan; 43(1):41-48. PubMed ID: 37947970.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVES: Observational studies have shown that there is a bidirectional relationship between type 1 diabetes (T1D) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); the causality of this association remains elusive and may be affected by confusion and reverse causality. There is also a lack of large-scale randomized controlled trials to verify. Therefore, this Mendelian randomization (MR) study aimed to investigate the causal association between T1D and SLE. METHODS: We aggregated data using publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS), all from European populations. Select independent (R2 < 0.001) and closely related to exposure (P < 5 × 10-8) as instrumental variables (IVs). The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary method. We also used MR-Egger, the weighted median method, MR-Robust, MR-Lasso, and other methods leveraged as supplements. RESULTS: T1D had a positive causal association with SLE (IVW, odds ratio [OR] = 1.358, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.205 - 1.530; P < 0.001). The causal association was verified in an independent validation set (IVW, OR = 1.137, 95% CI, 1.033 - 1.251; P = 0.001). SLE had a positive causal association with T1D (IVW, OR = 1.108, 95% CI, 1.074 - 1.144; P < 0.001). The causal association was verified in an independent validation set (IVW, OR = 1.085, 95% CI, 1.046 - 1.127; P < 0.001). These results have also been verified by sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSION: The MR analysis results indicated a causal association between T1D and SLE. Therefore, further research is needed to clarify the potential biological mechanism between T1D and SLE. Key Points • Observational studies have shown that there is a bidirectional relationship between T1D and SLE. • We evaluated causal effects between T1D and SLE by Mendelian randomization analyses. • The MR analysis results indicated a causal association between T1D and SLE.
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