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Title: [Liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry analysis of 300 illegally added drugs and their analogues in functional milk powder for the elderly].
Author: Ning X, Jin SM, Li ZY, Yang CJ, Mao D, Cao J.
Journal: Se Pu; 2023 Nov; 41(11):960-975. PubMed ID: 37968815.
Abstract:
Various types of milk powder purportedly providing diverse health functions have emerged with the growth of the country's elderly population. Some manufacturers illegally add chemical drugs to their products to achieve their reported benefits, which poses a threat to consumer health. The existing standard methods are inapplicable to such complex sample matrices and require testing based on functional claims and classification. These limitations not only consume manpower and resources but also seriously impede daily regulatory efforts to detect unknown risk substances. In this study, a high-throughput method for the screening and quantitative analysis of 300 illegally added chemical drugs in functional milk powder and an identification strategy for unknown structural analogues were established using Zeno SWATH^® data-independent acquisition (DIA) ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) technology combined with a QuEChERS sample purification method. The QuEChERS purification process was developed according to the characteristics of milk powder matrix. The supernatant was separated on a Kinetex F5 column (100 mm×3.0 mm, 2.6 μm) by gradient elution using 5 mmol/L ammonium formate aqueous solution (0.1% (v/v) formic acid, ) and methanol-acetonitrile (1∶1, v/v) as mobile phases. The method was validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, limits of detection and quantification (LODs and LOQs, respectively), matrix effect, accuracy, and precision. Based on a screening database for the 300 target substances, electron-activated dissociation (EAD) fragmentation was applied to obtain rich secondary MS fragmentation information, and unknown structural analogues were identified and confirmed through fragment attribution analysis. The results indicated that all compounds had good linear relationships in certain ranges with correlation coefficients >0.99. The LODs and LOQs were 0.04-2.7 and 0.2-8.0 μg/kg, respectively. The average recoveries at three spiked levels were in the range of 73.1%-125.2%, and the relative standard deviations were ≤14.8% (n=6). When the developed method was applied to detect illegally added chemicals in 60 functional milk powder samples, it detected benzoguanidine and sildenafil and successfully identified ethylphenidate, which is the structural analogue of an amphetamine. The proposed method is simple, sensitive, and accurate; thus, it may have practical application value for the daily supervision and law enforcement of milk powders with reported health functions. 随着老龄化进程不断加剧,各类声称保健功能的老年乳粉不断涌现,一些生产企业通过非法添加化学药物来实现产品声称的显著功效,危害消费者健康。现有标准方法需要按照功能声称分类别进行检测,不仅耗费人力物力,还严重制约了日常监管工作对未知风险物质的侦查能力。本工作应用QuEChERS净化结合具有Zeno SWATH^®全息式数据非依赖型采集定量(data-independent acquisition, DIA)技术的超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱,建立了适用于功能性老年乳粉中300种非法添加化学药物的高通量筛查定量分析方法及未知结构类似物识别策略。针对乳粉基质特点开发了QuEChERS净化流程,通过Kinetex F5色谱柱(100 mm×3.0 mm, 2.6 μm)分离,以5 mmol/L甲酸铵水溶液(含0.1%(v/v)甲酸)和甲醇-乙腈(1∶1, v/v)作为流动相进行梯度洗脱。从线性范围、灵敏度、基质效应、精密度和准确度等方面对定量分析方法进行验证。在建立300种已知药物定性筛查数据库的基础上,应用电子激活解离(electron-activated dissociation, EAD)碎裂技术,获得丰富的二级质谱裂解碎片信息,通过归属分析对未知风险物质进行鉴别和确证。所有已知目标药物在相应浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数>0.99, 检出限(LOD)和LOQ分别在0.04~2.7和0.2~8.0 μg/kg范围内。3个水平下的平均加标回收率为73.1%~125.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)≤14.8%。将该方法应用于60份实际样品中非法添加物质的检测,在两份样品中分别检出苯乙双胍及西地那非药物,并成功识别出一种安非他明结构类似物乙非他明。该方法简便、灵敏、准确,对于功能性乳粉的日常监督执法工作具有实际应用价值。

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