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  • Title: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of deuterated indolepropionic acid derivatives as novel long-acting pan PPARα/γ/δ agonists.
    Author: Chen L, Chen Y, Wang B, Yang Z, Cai Z, Wang X, Sun L, Li Z, Wang G.
    Journal: Bioorg Med Chem; 2023 Dec 15; 96():117533. PubMed ID: 37976807.
    Abstract:
    Metabolic syndrome is a complex disease with diverse symptoms, but current pharmacological interventions have limited efficacy. Indeglitazar, a pan-agonist targeting the three-peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPAR), exhibits significant therapeutic effects on both diabetic and fatty liver animal models. However, its short half-life limits the in vivo efficacy, which might be attributed to the β-oxidation of indolepropionic acid at Indeglitazar. To overcome this metabolic instability, two deuterium atoms were introduced to the α-position of indolepropionic acid to block the β-oxidation. In this study, several deuterated derivatives were found to sustain PPARs activity and extend the half-life of liver microsomes. In oral glucose tolerance tests, I-1 exhibited the strongest glucose-lowering effect on ob/ob mice in this series. In db/db mice, I-1 reduced lipid levels, liver steatosis and promoted UCP1 expression in white adipose tissue. Mechanistic studies further revealed that I-1 exerts stronger effects than Indeglitazar on the regulation of genes related to lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress. Furthermore, I-1 significantly reduced liver steatosis, hepatocellular ballooning, inflammation, and fibrosis in NASH model induced by HFD + CCl4, and even exerted better therapeutic effect than that of Indeglitazar. With the above attractive efficacy, deuterated derivative I-1 is considered as a promising treatment for metabolic syndrome.
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