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  • Title: Botulinum toxin for benign essential blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm and age-related lower eyelid entropion.
    Author: Carruthers J, Stubbs HA.
    Journal: Can J Neurol Sci; 1987 Feb; 14(1):42-5. PubMed ID: 3815164.
    Abstract:
    Purified botulinum A exotoxin was used in the treatment of forty seven patients with benign essential blepharospasm, 11 patients with hemifacial spasm and 2 patients with age-related entropion. The treatment was effective in all three groups for an average of 3-4 months when symptoms recurred and repeated chemodenervation with toxin was needed. The commonest complication was transient ptosis with an overall frequency of 7.8%. This incidence increased to 11.1% with toxin doses higher than 25 units per orbicularis. The treatment was well accepted by the patients, who were subsequently able to return to pre-blepharospasm lifestyles.
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