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  • Title: Determination of marker residues of quinoxaline-1,4-di-N-oxides and its prototype identification by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.
    Author: Li L, Liu R, Liu L, Guo Z, Zhou T, Yang Y, Yang H, He L.
    Journal: Food Chem; 2024 Jun 01; 442():138395. PubMed ID: 38266409.
    Abstract:
    Quinoxaline-1,4-di-N-oxides (QdNOs), such as carbadox, olaquindox, mequindox, quinocetone, etc. are a class of antibacterial drugs. Prototype drugs residues can not be detected due to their rapid metabolism in animals. Quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid (QCA) and 3-methyl-QCA (MQCA) are their common marker residues, so it has been always a challenge to trace the specific QdNOs drug used in food animal production. Herein, a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to determine QCA and MQCA, and meanwhile, the prototype drugs were identified by analyzing bis-desoxy QdNOs metabolites in single ion-pair monitoring mode. The method indicated that the average recoveries for QCA and MQCA were from 90 % to 105 % with relative standard deviations below 10 %, and the limits of quantification were 1.0 μg/kg. The limits of detection of five bis-desoxy QdNOs (qualitative markers) reached 0.5 μg/kg. This new analytical strategy can effectively solve the identification problem of QdNOs drugs in animal-derived food.
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