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  • Title: Efficient photo-induced second harmonic generation in silicon nitride photonics.
    Author: Lu X, Moille G, Rao A, Westly DA, Srinivasan K.
    Journal: Nat Photonics; 2021; 15(2):. PubMed ID: 38496726.
    Abstract:
    Silicon photonics lacks a second-order nonlinear optical (χ(2)) response in general because the typical constituent materials are centro-symmetric and lack inversion symmetry, which prohibits χ(2) nonlinear processes such as second harmonic generation (SHG). Here, we realize record-high SHG efficiency in silicon photonics by combining a photo-induced effective χ(2) nonlinearity with resonant enhancement and perfect-phase matching. We show a conversion efficiency of (2,500 ± 100) %/W, which is 2 to 4 orders of magnitude larger than previous field-induced SHG works. In particular, our devices realize milliwatt-level SHG output powers with up to (22 ± 1) % power conversion efficiency. This demonstration is a major breakthrough in realizing efficient χ(2) processes in silicon photonics, and paves the way for further integration of self-referenced frequency combs and optical frequency references.
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