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Title: Surgical treatment of severe medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.
Author: Feng Z, An J, Zhang Y, He Y.
Journal: Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi; 2023 Feb 01; 41(1):43-51. PubMed ID: 38596940.
Abstract:
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to summarize the clinical outcomes of surgical treatment for severe medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ, stages 2 and 3). METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to review the patients with severe MRONJ from July 2013 to May 2021. All patients were treated surgically. The characteristics and clinical variables were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 104 patients (123 MRONJ lesions) were included, including 42 males and 62 females, aged 64.6±9.1 years. The primary disease was malignant in 91 cases and benign in 13 cases. Forty-three cases (35.0%) were stage 2 lesions, and 80 (65.0%) were stage 3 lesions. Thirty-nine (31.7%) lesions were located in the maxilla, and 84 (68.3%) lesions were located in the mandible. The most commonly used bisphosphonates were zoledronic acid (n=89; 85.6%), followed by alendronate (n=10; 9.6%), and pamidronate (n=10; 9.6%). Antiangiogenic agents were administered in 62 (59.6%) patients. The mean duration of bisphosphonate therapy was 34.7±25.8 months, and the mean duration of drug holiday was 10.1±10.7 months. All operations were performed under general anesthesia. For stage 2 lesions, debridement and saucerization were performed to completely resect the lesions, and the wounds were closed without tension through local mucoperiosteum flaps. For stage 3 lesions, after the lesions were completely resected, the bone defect was covered by reconstruction plate fixation and ipsilateral submandibular gland translocation, iodoform gauze, and buccal fat pad accordingly. The follow-up period ranged from 3 months to 6 years; 81.3% (100/123) of the lesions reached mucosal healing at the last follow-up, whereas wound infection and dehiscence occurred in 18.7% (23/123) of the lesions postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Severe MRONJ lesions could be surgically treated to achieve mucosal healing. Vascularized flap reconstruction could be considered if the patient's general condition could tolerate it. 目的: 总结晚期（2、3期）药物相关性颌骨坏死（MRONJ）的手术治疗效果。方法: 纳入2013年7月—2021年5月就诊于北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院口腔颌面外科且采用手术治疗的晚期MRONJ患者。回顾性分析患者的临床资料，包括患者的原发疾病、用药情况、病变情况、手术治疗和随访结果等。结果: 本研究共纳入104例患者（123处病变），男性42例，女性62例，平均年龄（64.6±9.1）岁。原发疾病为恶性肿瘤91例，非肿瘤性疾病13例。2期病变43处（35.0%），3期病变80处（65.0%）。39处（31.7%）病变位于上颌骨，84处（68.3%）病变位于下颌骨。使用唑来膦酸89例（85.6%），阿仑膦酸钠10例（9.6%），帕米膦酸钠10例（9.6%），抗血管生成药物62例（59.6%）。平均药物治疗时长（34.7±25.8）月，平均停药时长（10.1±10.7）月。全部患者均在全麻下完成手术。手术去净死骨后，2期病变以局部黏骨膜瓣关闭创口，3期病变根据具体情况分别采用重建钛板联合下颌下腺转位、血管化腓骨瓣修复、碘仿纱条填塞、带蒂颊脂垫瓣修复等关闭创口。术后随访3个月至6年，81.3%（100/123）病变在末次随访时实现黏膜愈合，18.7%（23/123）病变术后复发。结论: 晚期MRONJ可以通过手术治疗实现黏膜愈合；对于合适的患者，可以考虑血管化软硬组织修复重建以提高生命质量。. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to summarize the clinical outcomes of surgical treatment for severe medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ, stages 2 and 3). METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to review the patients with severe MRONJ from July 2013 to May 2021. All patients were treated surgically. The characteristics and clinical variables were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 104 patients (123 MRONJ lesions) were included, including 42 males and 62 females, aged 64.6±9.1 years. The primary disease was malignant in 91 cases and benign in 13 cases. Forty-three cases (35.0%) were stage 2 lesions, and 80 (65.0%) were stage 3 lesions. Thirty-nine (31.7%) lesions were located in the maxilla, and 84 (68.3%) lesions were located in the mandible. The most commonly used bisphosphonates were zoledronic acid (n=89; 85.6%), followed by alendronate (n=10; 9.6%), and pamidronate (n=10; 9.6%). Antiangiogenic agents were administered in 62 (59.6%) patients. The mean duration of bisphosphonate therapy was 34.7±25.8 months, and the mean duration of drug holiday was 10.1±10.7 months. All operations were performed under general anesthesia. For stage 2 lesions, debridement and saucerization were performed to completely resect the lesions, and the wounds were closed without tension through local mucoperiosteum flaps. For stage 3 lesions, after the lesions were completely resected, the bone defect was covered by reconstruction plate fixation and ipsilateral submandibular gland translocation, iodoform gauze, and buccal fat pad accordingly. The follow-up period ranged from 3 months to 6 years; 81.3% (100/123) of the lesions reached mucosal healing at the last follow-up, whereas wound infection and dehiscence occurred in 18.7% (23/123) of the lesions postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Severe MRONJ lesions could be surgically treated to achieve mucosal healing. Vascularized flap reconstruction could be considered if the patient's general condition could tolerate it.

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