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  • Title: Class II, division 1 treatment with Fränkel and Edgewise appliances--a comparative study of mandibular growth and facial esthetics.
    Author: Adenwalla ST, Kronman JH.
    Journal: Angle Orthod; 1985 Oct; 55(4):281-98. PubMed ID: 3865566.
    Abstract:
    A statistical comparison of treatment changes in twenty patients treated with a Fränkel appliance and twenty treated with the Edgewise mechanism. Both groups showed similar improvements, with no significant differences in mandibular growth.
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