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  • Title: Enhancing gain and isolation of a quad-element MIMO antenna array design for 5G sub-6 GHz applications assisted with characteristic mode analysis.
    Author: Khan R, Sethi WT, Malik WA, Jan L, Tahseen MM, Almuhlafi AM, Himdi M.
    Journal: Sci Rep; 2024 May 15; 14(1):11111. PubMed ID: 38750163.
    Abstract:
    This paper presents a novel quad-element array with multiple inputs and multiple outputs (MIMO) designed for 5th generation sub-6 GHz applications. The MIMO system achieves a wide impedance bandwidth, high gain, and high isolation among its components, representing significant advancements in sub-6 GHz antenna applications. The single element, an elliptical resonator with a circular slot, is fed by a 50 Ω microstrip feedline, achieves a broad characteristic bandwidth from 3.7 to 5.7 GHz with a resonant frequency of 4.33 GHz and a gain of 1.81 dBi. Characteristic Mode Analysis (CMA) was employed to elucidate the evolution phases of this design. The quad-element MIMO antenna array maintains a compact size and broadband characteristics by arranging mirrored elements on the same ground plane. Implemented on a cost-effective FR-4 substrate measuring 44 × 44 × 1.6 mm3, the recommended MIMO antenna array, enhanced with a partial ground plane and due to the introduction of a vertical strip, a high isolation of - 38.53 dB is achieved between MIMO components along with a realized gain of 3.01 dBi and a radiation efficiency of 71% in the 5G sub-6 GHz band. Noteworthy properties include high isolation, diversity gain (DG), and envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), verifying the appropriateness of the suggested MIMO scheme for 5G transmission and reception in sub-6 GHz applications.
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