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Title: [Correlation study between brain damage and anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome using diffusional kurtosis imaging].
Author: Zhai YY, Liu XX, Meng C, Li SH, Wu DH.
Journal: Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi; 2024 May 07; 59(5):472-479. PubMed ID: 38811178.
Abstract:
Objective: To explore the brain white matter damage in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS) using diffusional kurtosis imaging(DKI), and to analyze its relationship with anxiety, depression and cognitive impairment in patients. Methods: This was a retrospective case-control study. Fifty confirmed cases (47 males and 3 females) of moderate to severe OSAHS diagnosed by polysomnography(PSG) from November 2017 to December 2022 were selected as OSAHS group(age range from 22 to 65 years old, with median age of 40 years old), and 32 healthy controls(27 males and 5 females) of non-OSAHS diagnosed by PSG were selected as control group(age range from 19 to 56 years old, with median age of 34 years old). DKI scanning, Beck Anxiety Inventory(BAI), Beck Depression Inventory-Ⅱ(BDI-Ⅱ), and Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA) scores were performed in all subjects. Differences in kurtosis fractional anisotropy(KFA) of various brain regions were compared between the two groups to identify differential brain regions. Correlations were analyzed between KFA reduction and anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment in OSAHS patients. To study the correlation between brain injury and anxiety, depressive mood, and cognitive dysfunction, statistical methods such as non-parametric tests for two independent samples, chi-square tests, and partial correlation analysis, were used to analyze the evaluation indicators of the two groups. Results: The KFA values in right external capsule, left anterior corona radiata, right anterior corona radiata, left posterior corona radiata, right posterior corona radiata, left superior corona radiata, right superior corona radiata, left superior longitudinal fasciculus, right superior longitudinal fasciculus, genu of corpus callosum, splenium of corpus callosum, body of corpus callosum, posterior cingulate gyrus of moderate to severe OSAHS group were all lower than those in the control group(t=-2.247, -3.028, -3.955, -4.871, -2.632, -2.594, -2.121, -2.167, -3.129, -2.015, -2.317, -2.313, -2.152,P<0.05). For the moderate to severe OSAHS group, the correlation between AHI and KFA values of right posterior corona radiata, right superior corona radiata, left anterior corona radiata, left posterior corona radiata, left superior corona radiata, left superior longitudinal fasciculus, genu of corpus callosum, body of corpus callosum, splenium of corpus callosum were all negative(r=-0.378, -0.307, -0.337, -0.343, -0.341, -0.613, -0.390, -0.384, -0.396, P<0.05). The correlation between LSO₂ and KFA values of right anterior corona radiata, right posterior corona radiata, right superior corona radiata, right superior longitudinal fasciculus, left anterior corona radiata, left posterior corona radiata, left superior corona radiata, left superior longitudinal fasciculus, genu of corpus callosum, body of corpus callosum, splenium of corpus callosum, posterior cingulate gyrus were all positive(r=0.330, 0.338, 0.425, 0.312, 0.433, 0.358, 0.410, 0.459, 0.473, 0.659, 0.489, 0.356, P<0.05). The correlation between BAI scores and KFA values of right external capsule, right anterior corona radiata, left posterior corona radiata, left superior corona radiata, body of corpus callosum, splenium of corpus callosum were all negative(r=-0.306, -0.372, -0.296, -0.346, -0.318, -0.386, P<0.05). The correlation between BDI-Ⅱ scores and KFA values of right superior corona radiata, right superior longitudinal fasciculus, left anterior corona radiata, genu of corpus callosum, body of corpus callosum, splenium of corpus callosum were all negative(r=-0.334, -0.289, -0.309, -0.310, -0.503, -0.469, P<0.05). The correlation between MoCA scores and KFA values of right posterior corona radiata, right superior longitudinal fasciculus, left anterior corona radiata, left superior corona radiata, left superior longitudinal fasciculus, genu of corpus callosum, body of corpus callosum, splenium of corpus callosum were all positive(r=0.368, 0.431, 0.324, 0.410, 0.469, 0.384, 0.369, 0.309, P<0.05). Conclusions: With the aggravation of OSAHS, the damage to some brain regions becomes more pronounced in moderate to severe OSAHS patients. These damage brain functional areas are closely related to the anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment of patients. 目的： 应用弥散峰度成像（diffusional kurtosis imaging，DKI）探索中重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome，OSAHS）患者脑白质损害与焦虑、抑郁情绪和认知功能障碍的相关性。 方法： 回顾性病例对照研究选取中国人民解放军北部战区总医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科在2017年11月至2022年12月行多导睡眠呼吸监测（polysomnography，PSG）确诊为中重度OSAHS患者50例（中重度OSAHS组，男47例，女3例），年龄22~65岁（中位年龄40岁）；同时选取行PSG检查的非OSAHS者32例（对照组，男27例，女5例），年龄19~56岁（中位年龄34岁）。所有受试者均行DKI扫描及贝克焦虑量表（Beck anxiety inventory，BAI）、贝克抑郁量表第2版（Beck depression inventory-Ⅱ，BDI-Ⅱ）、蒙特利尔认知评估量表（Montreal cognitive assessment，MoCA）评分，找出峰度各向异性分数（kurtosis fractional anisotropy，KFA）有差异的脑区，并分析OSAHS患者KFA值减低脑区与焦虑、抑郁和认知障碍的相关性。采用两独立样本非参数检验、卡方检验和偏相关分析等统计学方法，分析2组人群的评估指标。 结果： 中重度OSAHS组在右侧外囊、左前放射冠、右前放射冠、左后放射冠、右后放射冠、左上放射冠、右上放射冠、左上纵束、右上纵束、胼胝体膝部、胼胝体压部、胼胝体体部及后扣带回区域白质纤维束的KFA值均低于对照组（t=-2.247、-3.028、-3.955、-4.871、-2.632、-2.594、-2.121、-2.167、-3.129、-2.015、-2.317、-2.313、-2.152，P<0.05）。在中重度OSAHS组中：BAI评分与右外囊、右前放射冠、左后放射冠、左上放射冠、胼胝体体部、胼胝体压部的KFA值呈负相关（r=-0.306、-0.372、-0.296、-0.346、-0.318、-0.386，P<0.05）；BDI-Ⅱ评分与右上放射冠、右上纵束、左前放射冠、胼胝体膝部、胼胝体体部、胼胝体压部的KFA值呈负相关（r=-0.334、-0.289、-0.309、-0.310、-0.503、-0.469，P<0.05）；MoCA评分与右后放射冠、右上纵束、左前放射冠、左上放射冠、左上纵束、胼胝体膝部、胼胝体体部、胼胝体压部的KFA值呈正相关（r=0.368、0.431、0.324、0.410、0.469、0.384、0.369、0.309，P<0.05）。 结论： 中重度OSAHS患者部分脑区的损害明显，受损的脑功能区与患者焦虑、抑郁情绪和认知功能减退密切相关。.

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