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  • Title: Congenital ureteral valves--an abnormality of ureteral embryogenesis?
    Author: Sant GR, Barbalias GA, Klauber GT.
    Journal: J Urol; 1985 Mar; 133(3):427-31. PubMed ID: 3883004.
    Abstract:
    Congenital ureteral valves are a rare cause of obstructive uropathy and the majority of cases are diagnosed only at surgery or autopsy. A case of congenital ureteral valve associated with an incompletely duplicated kidney is reported and the literature on ureteral valves is reviewed. Modern uroradiological and endoscopic diagnostic techniques should result in a more precise preoperative diagnosis. The high incidence of associated genitourinary anomalies, particularly duplication anomalies, suggests abnormal ureteral embryogenesis as an etiological factor in congenital ureteral valve formation.
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