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  • Title: The importance of increased intraosseous pressure in the development of osteonecrosis of the femoral head: implications for treatment.
    Author: Hungerford DS, Lennox DW.
    Journal: Orthop Clin North Am; 1985 Oct; 16(4):635-54. PubMed ID: 3903603.
    Abstract:
    Early diagnosis of osteonecrosis by radiograph, bone scan, CT scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), intraosseous pressure measurement, or intraosseous venogram can lead to early successful treatment. For early (Ficat stages I and II) osteonecrosis of the hip, core decompression can provide diagnostic confirmation and pain relief and may prevent progression of disease. For more advanced disease (Ficat stages II and IV), osteotomy, endoprosthetic or bipolar prosthetic replacement, total hip arthroplasty, and arthrodesis are surgical options.
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