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  • Title: The Method but Not the Protocol Affects Lactate-Threshold Determination in Competitive Swimmers.
    Author: Arsoniadis GG, Nikitakis IS, Peyrebrune M, Botonis PG, Toubekis AG.
    Journal: Int J Sports Physiol Perform; 2024 Oct 01; 19(10):996-1005. PubMed ID: 39079689.
    Abstract:
    PURPOSE: The study validated variables corresponding to lactate threshold (LT) in swimming. Speed (sLT), blood lactate concentration (BLLT), oxygen uptake (VO2LT), and heart rate (HRLT) corresponding to LT were calculated by 2 different incremental protocols and validated in comparison with maximal lactate steady state (MLSS). METHODS: Ten competitive swimmers performed a 7 × 200-m front-crawl incremental "step test" with 2 protocols: (1) with 30-second rests between repetitions (short-rest incremental protocols) and (2) on a 5-minute cycle (swim + rest time, long-rest incremental protocols). Five methods were used for the assessment of sLT and corresponding BLLT, VO2LT, and HRLT: intersection of 2 lines, Dmax, modified Dmax, visual inspection, and intersection of combined linear and exponential regression lines. Subsequently, swimmers performed two to three 30-minute continuous efforts to identify speed (sMLSS) and physiological parameters corresponding to MLSS. RESULTS: Both protocols resulted in similar sLT and corresponding physiological variables (P > .05). Bland-Altman plots showed agreement between protocols (sLT, bias: -0.017 [0.002] m·s-1; BLLT, bias: 0.0 [0.5] mmol·L-1; VO2LT, bias: -0.1 [2.2] mL·kg-1·min-1; HRLT. bias: -2 [8] beats·min-1). However, sLT calculated by modified Dmax using short rest was higher compared with speed at MLSS (1.346 [0.076] vs 1.300 [0.101] m·s-1; P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Calculated sLT, BLLT, VO2LT, and HRLT using all other methods in short-rest and long-rest incremental protocols were no different compared with MLSS (P > .05). Both 7 × 200-m protocols are valid for determination of sLT and corresponding physiological parameters, but the modified Dmax method may overestimate sLT.
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