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  • Title: [Comparison of analgesic effect of modified superior trunk block and traditional interscalene brachial plexus block with liposomal bupivacaine after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair].
    Author: Wu H, Luo JY, Yang PY, Yuan KM, Li J.
    Journal: Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi; 2024 Aug 13; 104(31):2928-2935. PubMed ID: 39118339.
    Abstract:
    Objective: To compare the postoperative analgesic effect of modified superior trunk block and traditional interscalene brachial plexus block in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Methods: A total of 40 patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from October to November 2023 were prospectively included, whose American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade were Ⅰ-Ⅱ. They were divided into modified superior trunk block group (group S) and interscalene brachial plexus block group (group I) by random number table according to different nerve block methods, with 20 cases in each group. Local anesthetics was a mixture of 1.33% liposomal bupivacaine and 0.5% levobupivacaine hydrochloride injection in equal volume. Patients in group S were injected 5 ml mixture for ultrasound-guided modified superior trunk block, and patients in group I were injected with 15 ml mixture for ultrasound-guided traditional interscalene block respectively. Both groups underwent superficial cervical plexus block (5 ml mixture). Standardized general anesthesia and standardized postoperative analgesia were followed. The primary outcome measures included 48 h resting numerical rating scale (NRS) scores after surgery and the incidence of hemidiaphragmatic paralysis (HDP) at 30 min after block. The secondary outcome measures included resting NRS scores during the post anesthesia care unit (PACU), 12, 24, and 36 h after surgery, postoperative opioid consumption and satisfaction with analgesia, pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) at 30 min after block, sensory and motor block duration, and the incidence of perioperative adverse reactions. The non-inferiority cut-off value of resting NRS scores for patients in group S was set as"1 point"at each observation time point after surgery. Results: In group S, one patient was excluded because the target nerve was blocked by the subclavian vein and could not be blocked, nineteen patients [11 males and 8 females, aged (52.2±9.0) years] were eventually included. In group I, there were 7 males and 13 females, aged (55.0±5.1) years. Resting NRS scores of group S and Group I at 48 h after surgery were 0 (0, 0) and 0 (0, 0.8) point, respectively, with no statistical significance (P>0.05). The median difference was 0 (95%CI:0-0) point and the upper 95%CI was 0 point, which was lower than the preset non-inferiority cut-off value"1 point"(non-inferiority P<0.001). The incidence of HDP in group S and group I were 5% (1/19) and 75% (15/20), respectively, with statistically significant (P<0.001). There were no significant differences in resting NRS scores at PACU and 12, 24, 36 h after surgery, opioid dosage, satisfaction with analgesia, SpO2 at 30 min after block, sensory and motor block duration between two groups (all P>0.05). No respiratory adverse events such as hypoxemia and airway spasm occurred in two groups after extubation. One patient in group I showed symptoms of breath shortness when entering PACU, and 3 patients felt uncomfortable due to prolonged numbness and weakness of the blockade limb (>2 days). No nerve block procedures and opioid drugs relative adverse reactions and no neurological complications happened in both groups. Conclusion: Liposomal bupivacaine usage for modified superior trunk block can provide long-term postoperative analgesic effects which is noninferior to traditional interscalene brachial plexus block and causes less HDP in patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. 目的： 比较改良臂丛上干阻滞与传统肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞在关节镜下肩袖修补术后的镇痛效果。 方法： 前瞻性纳入2023年10至11月温州医科大学附属第二医院行关节镜下肩袖修补术患者40例，美国麻醉医师协会（ASA）分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级。根据不同神经阻滞方法，采用随机数字表法分为改良臂丛上干阻滞组（S组）及肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞组（I组），每组20例。局部麻醉用药均为1.33%布比卡因脂质体注射液与0.5%盐酸左布比卡因等容积混合液；S组采用混合液5 ml行改良臂丛上干阻滞，I组采用混合液15 ml行肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞；两组均行颈浅丛阻滞（混合液5 ml），随后实施标准化全身麻醉及标准化术后镇痛。主要观察指标为术后48 h静息数字评定量表（NRS）评分及神经阻滞后30 min 单侧膈肌麻痹（HDP）发生率。次要观察指标包括麻醉后恢复室（PACU）期间及术后12、24、36 h静息NRS评分，术后阿片类药物消耗量及镇痛满意度，阻滞后30 min的脉搏血氧饱和度（SpO2）、感觉及运动阻滞时长、围手术期不良反应发生率。S组患者术后各观察时间点静息NRS评分的非劣效界值设定为“1分”。 结果： S组1例患者因目标神经被锁骨下静脉阻挡，无法实施阻滞而排除，最终纳入19例，男11例，女8例，年龄（52.2±9.0）岁；I组男7例，女13例，年龄（55.0±5.1）岁。S组和I组术后48 h静息NRS评分分别为0（0，0）和0（0，0.8）分，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；中位数差值为0（95%CI：0~0）分，95%CI上限为0分，低于预先设定的非劣效界值“1分”（非劣效性P<0.001）。S组和I组HDP发生率分别为5%（1/19）和75%（15/20），差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。两组患者PACU期间及术后12、24、36 h静息NRS评分、术后阿片类药物使用情况及镇痛满意度、阻滞后30 min的SpO2、感觉及运动阻滞时长差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。两组患者拔管后均未出现低氧血症、气道痉挛等呼吸系统不良事件。I组有1例患者入PACU时出现呼吸急促症状，有3例患者因患肢长时间（>2 d）麻木无力而感不适。两组患者均未出现神经阻滞操作、阿片类药物相关不良反应及神经系统并发症。 结论： 布比卡因脂质体行改良臂丛上干阻滞能够为关节镜下肩袖修补术患者提供不劣于传统肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞的长时间术后镇痛，同时HDP发生率更低。.
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