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Title: [Comparative study of computer-assisted and robot-assisted atlantoaxial pedicle screw implantation for reversible atlantoaxial dislocation].
Author: Zou P, Yu X, Wang X, Hao D, Zhao Y.
Journal: Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi; 2024 Aug 15; 38(8):911-916. PubMed ID: 39175310.
Abstract:
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of computer-assisted and robot-assisted atlantoaxial pedicle screw implantation for the treatment of reversible atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD). METHODS: The clinical data of 42 patients with reversible AAD admitted between January 2020 and June 2023 and met the selection criteria were retrospectively analyzed, of whom 23 patients were treated with computer-assisted surgery (computer group) and 19 patients were treated with Mazor X spinal robot-assisted surgery (robot group). There was no significant difference in gender, age, T value of bone mineral density, body mass index, etiology, and preoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, Neck Dysfunction Index (NDI) between the two groups ( P>0.05). The operation time, screw implantation time, intraoperative blood loss, hand and wrist radiation exposure, and complications were recorded and compared between the two groups. Gertzbein classification was used to evaluate the accuracy of screw implantation. JOA score and NDI were used to evaluate the function before operation, at 3 days after operation, and at last follow-up. At last follow-up, the status of screws and bone fusion were observed by neck three-dimensional CT. RESULTS: The operation time and hand and wrist radiation exposure of the computer group were significantly longer than those of the robot group ( P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the screw implantation time and intraoperative blood loss between the two groups ( P>0.05). All patients were followed up 11-24 months, with an average of 19.6 months. There was no significant difference in the follow-up time between the two groups ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the accuracy of screw implantation between the two groups ( P>0.05). Except for 1 case of incision infection in the computer group, which improved after antibiotic treatment, there was no complication such as nerve and vertebral artery injury, screw loosening, or breakage in the two groups. The JOA score and NDI significantly improved in both groups at 3 days after operation and at last follow-up ( P<0.05) compared to those before operation, but there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). At last follow-up, 21 patients (91.3%) in the computer group and 18 patients (94.7%) in the robot group achieved satisfactory atlantoaxial fusion, and there was no significant difference in the fusion rate between the two groups ( P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Computer-assisted or robot-assisted atlantoaxial pedicle screw implantation is safe and effective, and robotic navigation shortens operation time and reduces radiation exposure. 目的: 探讨计算机导航和机器人导航辅助寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉植入治疗可复性寰枢椎脱位（atlantoaxial dislocation，AAD）的疗效。. 方法: 回顾分析2020年1月—2023年6月收治且符合选择标准的42例可复性AAD患者，其中23例采用计算机导航辅助手术（计算机组），19例采用Mazor X脊柱机器人导航辅助手术（机器人组）。两组患者性别、年龄、骨密度T值、身体质量指数、病因及术前日本骨科协会（JOA）评分、颈部功能障碍指数（NDI）等基线资料比较差异均无统计学意义（ P>0.05）。记录并比较两组患者手术时间、螺钉植入时间、术中出血量、手腕部辐射暴露量及并发症发生情况；采用Gertzbein分类法进行植钉准确度评估；术前、术后3 d及末次随访时采用JOA评分和NDI评价功能；末次随访时通过颈部三维CT观察螺钉状态以及骨融合情况。. 结果: 所有患者均顺利完成手术，计算机组手术时间和手腕部辐射暴露量均明显多于机器人组（ P<0.05），两组螺钉植入时间及术中出血量比较差异均无统计学意义（ P>0.05）。所有患者均获随访，随访时间11～24个月，平均19.6个月；两组随访时间比较差异无统计学意义（ P>0.05）。术后采用Gertzbein分类法评估，两组均为安全植钉，两组螺钉准确度比较差异无统计学意义（ P>0.05）。除计算机组出现1例切口感染，经抗生素治疗后好转外，两组均未发生神经、椎动脉损伤及螺钉松动、断裂等并发症。两组术后3 d及末次随访时JOA评分和NDI均较术前显著改善（ P<0.05），但两组间差异无统计学意义（ P>0.05）。末次随访时，计算机组21例（91.3%）、机器人组18例（94.7%）患者寰枢椎获满意骨融合，两组融合率比较差异无统计学意义（ P>0.05）。. 结论: 计算机导航和机器人导航辅助寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉植入治疗可复性寰枢椎脱位均安全有效，但机器人导航能缩短手术时间并减少辐射暴露。.

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