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  • Title: Effects of wide-range precision sowing and row spacing on water consumption and grain yield of wheat.
    Author: He JN, Zhang Z, Shi Y, Yu ZW.
    Journal: Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao; 2024 Jul 18; 35(7):1833-1842. PubMed ID: 39233412.
    Abstract:
    The mechanism for water-saving and high-yield of wide-range precision sowing technology remains unclear. We investigated the impact of wide-range precision sowing on the physiological characteristics of root system, water consumption, and grain yield of wheat 'Jimai 22' during the growing seasons of 2017-2019. We set up two planting modes: wide precision sowing and conventional strip sowing, and three row spacings of 20 cm, 25 cm, and 30 cm under water-saving cultivation with supplemental irrigation to examine the effects of planting modes on root biomass and senescence characteristics of wheat, water utilization characteristics, interplant evaporation, grain yield, and water utilization efficiency. The results showed that the 25 cm treatment (K25) led to an increase in root weight density, root soluble protein content, and root activity by 7.2%-23.9%, 8.7%-25.1%, 10.7%-29.9%, and 7.3%-27.6%, 8.0%-38.5%, 15.2%-32.7%, respectively, compared to the other treatments. At the same row spacing, the wide-range precision sowing treatment showed a significantly higher soil water storage consumption and proportion to total water consumption compared to the conventional strip-tillage treatment. Additionally, irrigation and interplant evaporation were lower in the wide-range precision sowing treatment. The K25 treatment exhibited significantly higher water consumption and modal coefficient of water consumption from flowering to ripening than other treatments. Furthermore, it had significantly higher seed yield, water utilization efficiency, and irrigation utilization efficiency than the other treatments. We found that a 25 cm spacing in the lower rows and density of 180-270 plants·m-2 was the water-saving and high-yielding planting pattern of wide-range precision sowing wheat in Huang-Huai-Hai region. 宽幅精播技术节水高产理论机制仍不明确。本研究于2017—2019年小麦生长季,以‘济麦22'为试验材料,在测墒补灌节水栽培条件下,设置宽幅精播、常规条播两种种植方式和20、25、30 cm 3种行距,研究了种植方式对小麦根系生物量、衰老特性、水分利用特性、棵间蒸发量和籽粒产量的影响,以探索宽幅精播种植方式对小麦根系生理特性、耗水特性及籽粒产量的影响。结果表明: 宽幅精播条件下行距为25 cm处理(K25)0～20和20～40 cm土层根重密度、根系可溶性蛋白含量、根系活力较其他处理分别提高7.2%～23.9%、8.7%～25.1%、10.7%～29.9%和7.3%～27.6%、8.0%～38.5%、15.2%～32.7%;同一行距下,宽幅精播处理土壤贮水消耗量及其占总耗水量的比例显著高于常规条播处理,而灌溉量和棵间蒸发量低于常规条播处理;K25处理开花至成熟期耗水量及耗水模系数显著高于其他处理,籽粒产量、水分利用效率和灌水利用效率也显著高于其他处理。综上,本试验条件下采用基本苗180～270株·m-2、行距25 cm是黄淮海麦区宽幅精播种植方式下节水高产的适宜种植模式。.
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