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  • Title: Effects of ground flowering plant traits on the diversity of wild bees in apple orchards during flowering.
    Author: Zhang QY, Chen BX, Wang MN, Liu YH.
    Journal: Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao; 2024 Jul 18; 35(7):1968-1978. PubMed ID: 39233427.
    Abstract:
    Pollination is one of the important ecosystem services related to sustainable development of human society. However, the population diversity and abundance of wild bees, important pollinators, have been significantly reduced by climate change, agricultural intensification, and landscape transformation. Re-establishment of pollinator habitat by planting nectar-producing plants is an important way to maintain pollination service. In this study, we investigated the status of wild bees and the traits of flowering plants in 22 apple orchards during flowering stage in Changping District, Beijing in 2019. We analyzed the response of wild bee diversity to the flowering plant richness, flower color richness, inflorescence type richness, flowering plant coverage, herbaceous layer coverage and different flower color coverage in apple orchards, aiming to provide guidance for the selection of nectar-producing plants to establish the habitat of wild bees. A total of 3517 wild bees were captured during the apple flowering season, representing 49 species, 13 genera, and 5 families. We identified 21 flowering plants species that shared a similar flo-wering period with apple, exhibiting a range of 5 colors and 9 inflorescence types. The Shannon diversity index, evenness index, and social bee richness of wild bee community were positively correlated with flowering plant richness. The total wild bee community richness, social bee richness, underground nesting bee richness were positively correlated with the richness of flowering plant color, but Halictidae bee abundance was negatively correlated with the richness of flowering plant color. The Shannon diversity index and evenness index of wild bee community were positively correlated with the richness of inflorescence types. Megachilidae bee richness was negative correlated with the white flower coverage. Megachilidae bee richness, social bee abundance, and ground nesting bee richness were positively correlated with the purple flower coverage. There was no significant correlation between wild bees and flowering plant richness, flower color richness, inflorescence type richness, flowering plant coverage, herbaceous layer coverage and different flower color coverage in other communities of different families, lifestyles and nesting types. Maintaining diverse ground flowering plants with various traits in orchards is important to improve the diversity of wild bees. In particular, increasing the coverage of purple flower during apple flowering period is helpful to promote the diversity of Megachilidae bee, social bees, and ground nesting bees. 传粉服务是人类社会持续存在与发展所依赖的重要生态系统服务之一,野生蜂作为重要的传粉者易受到气候变化、农业集约化、景观转变导致的自然生境丧失等因素的影响。通过种植蜜源植物营建传粉昆虫栖息地是一项重要生态系统传粉服务调控手段。本研究于苹果花期调查北京市昌平区22个苹果园内野生蜂现状和地表开花植物及其特征,分析野生蜂多样性对果园内开花植物物种丰富度、花色丰富度、花序类型丰富度、开花植物盖度、草本层盖度、不同花色盖度的响应,以期为野生蜂栖息地营建的蜜源植物选择提供参考。结果表明: 苹果花期共在研究区捕获野生蜂3517头,分属5科13属49种;调查到与苹果园花期重合的地表开花植物共21种,统计花色5种,花序类型9种;总野生蜂群落Shannon多样性指数、均匀度指数、社会性蜜蜂丰富度与开花植物物种数呈显著正相关关系;总野生蜂群落丰富度、社会性蜜蜂丰富度、地下筑巢蜜蜂丰富度与花色丰富度呈显著正相关关系;隧蜂科蜜蜂多度与花色丰富度呈显著负相关关系;总野生蜂群落Shannon多样性指数、均匀度指数与花序类型丰富度呈显著正相关关系;切叶蜂科蜜蜂丰富度与白色花盖度呈显著负相关关系;切叶蜂科蜜蜂丰富度、社会性蜜蜂多度、地上筑巢蜜蜂丰富度与紫色花盖度呈显著正相关关系。其余不同科、不同生活方式、不同筑巢类型野生蜂群落与果园内开花植物物种丰富度、花色丰富度、花序类型丰富度、开花植物盖度、草本层盖度、不同花色盖度暂未发现显著相关性。本研究表明,苹果园花期果园开花植物及其特征多样性的增加能够提升果园野生蜂多样性,增加紫色花盖度有利于促进切叶蜂科蜜蜂、社会性蜜蜂、地上筑巢蜜蜂的多样性。.
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