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  • Title: Biologics in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Current and Emerging.
    Author: Boyd JT, Khanwalkar AR.
    Journal: Immunol Allergy Clin North Am; 2024 Nov; 44(4):657-671. PubMed ID: 39389716.
    Abstract:
    Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is categorized phenotypically into CRS with and without nasal polyps (CRSwNP, CRSsNP). Endotyping categorizes the disease based on immune cell activity and inflammatory mechanisms into Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3. The Type 2 endotype is the most researched and associated with asthma, atopic disease, and severe CRSwNP. For patients with poorly controlled CRSwNP, there are 3 approved biologic treatments: omalizumab, dupilumab, and mepolizumab. Many other biologics are being tested in Type 2, non-Type 2, and mixed endotypes in CRSwNP and CRSsNP. These studies will play a significant role in shaping the future of CRS management.
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