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  • Title: Syncope as a symptom. A practical approach to etiologic diagnosis.
    Author: Haddad RM, Sellers TD.
    Journal: Postgrad Med; 1986 Feb 01; 79(2):48-53, 56-7, 61-2. PubMed ID: 3945603.
    Abstract:
    Etiologic diagnosis of syncope is best approached within the framework of three categories: cardiovascular, noncardiovascular, and unexplained. A meticulous history and physical examination plus screening laboratory studies will pinpoint a cause in nearly half of cases. In patients who have recurrent syncope, a history suggestive of dysrhythmia, or structural heart disease, further testing may include a variety of procedures such as 24-hour electrocardiographic monitoring, two-dimensional echocardiography, exercise stress testing, and electrophysiologic testing.
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