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  • Title: Drug-Coated Balloons Versus Drug-Eluting Stents or Plain Old Balloon Angioplasty: A Long-Term in-Stent Restenosis Study.
    Author: von Koch S, Zhou M, Rosén HC, Zwackman S, Jurga J, Grimfjärd P, Götberg M, Mohammad MA, Erlinge D.
    Journal: J Am Heart Assoc; 2024 Dec 03; 13(23):e036839. PubMed ID: 39575722.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Balloon angioplasty with drug-coated balloons (DCBs) is frequently used during percutaneous coronary intervention for in-stent restenosis. Despite its frequent use, there is a lack of long-term data on the efficacy of DCB angioplasty. We conducted an investigation on the long-term efficacy outcome of in-stent restenosis, comparing DCBs, drug-eluting stents, and plain old balloon angioplasty. METHODS AND RESULTS: We conducted a nationwide analysis from the SCAAR (Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry) including in-stent restenosis lesions undergoing coronary angiography between June 11, 2013, and January 14, 2022. The primary outcome of this study was target-lesion revascularization within a 5-year follow-up. Secondary outcomes included all-cause death, cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and any percutaneous coronary intervention. The outcomes were analyzed using a multivariable Cox proportional hazard model or Poisson regression, as appropriate. A total of 10 561 lesions from 9062 patients were included. Compared with plain old balloon angioplasty, the use of DCB angioplasty was associated with less target-lesion revascularization (risk ratio, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.57-0.82]), all-cause death (risk ratio, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.59-0.88]), and cardiovascular death (hazard ratio [HR], 0.59 [95% CI, 0.45-0.78]). No difference was observed for myocardial infarction or any percutaneous coronary intervention. Compared with drug-eluting stents, the use of DCBs was associated with higher rates of target-lesion revascularization (HR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.06-1.37]). No difference was observed for all-cause death, cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or any percutaneous coronary intervention. CONCLUSIONS: In this long-term nationwide analysis, the use of DCB angioplasty showed superior outcomes compared with plain old balloon angioplasty within 5 years but higher rates of repeat revascularizations compared with drug-eluting stents.
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