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  • Title: Bovine longissimus muscle glycogen concentration in response to isometric contraction and exogenous epinephrine.
    Author: Crouse JD, Smith SB.
    Journal: Am J Vet Res; 1986 Apr; 47(4):939-41. PubMed ID: 3963599.
    Abstract:
    Isometric contraction was elicited in cattle by electrical stimulation (electrical immobilization) and was used as a means of investigating the interaction between muscle contraction and epinephrine-induced muscle glycogen degradation. At 0.5 and 24 hours after a 15-minute period of continuous muscle contraction, glycogen content of longissimus muscle specimens collected via needle biopsy was not different from precontraction concentrations. Epinephrine (13.2 mg/kg of body weight) given subcutaneously resulted in a 30% to 35% reduction of muscle glycogen. Reduction of muscle glycogen was slightly greater when epinephrine was used in conjunction with isometric contraction, compared with epinephrine treatment alone. Muscle glycogen increased, and free glucose, lactate, and glucose-6-phosphate decreased, with increases in body weight. In younger, lighter cattle (370 kg), epinephrine decreased muscle glycogen and lactate concentrations and generally decreased muscle glucose concentrations. Muscle-free glucose and lactate concentrations were increased in older, heavier cattle (446 kg) by contraction and epinephrine injection when the animals were immobilized for 30 minutes, with intermittent periods of muscle relaxation. In these cattle, muscle glycogen concentration slightly decreased with isometric contraction. Data indicate that reports of increased glycogenolysis observed in cattle subjected to stress by mixing strange animals or exercise is due to dynamic muscle contraction and not due to isometric muscle contraction.
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