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  • Title: Evaluation of 24 patients with IUD-related problems: hysteroscopic findings.
    Author: Tadesse E, Wamsteker K.
    Journal: Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol; 1985 Jan; 19(1):37-41. PubMed ID: 3979653.
    Abstract:
    The clinical and diagnostic findings in 24 patients with IUD-related abnormal uterine bleeding or missing IUDs have been evaluated with special reference to hysteroscopy. For the IUD-related abnormal uterine bleeding no gross uterine or tissue pathology has been revealed except for chronic inflammatory reaction of the endometrium. In half of the cases the IUD showed embedment, displacement within the uterine cavity or migration into the uterine wall, which may be a possible cause of the IUD-related abnormal uterine bleeding. For the detection and removal of IUDs with missing strings, partially embedded and perforated IUDs or retained broken parts of it, the hysteroscopic procedure appeared to be invaluable and in our opinion should be the method of choice. The clinical and diagnostic findings in 24 patients with IUD-related abnormal uterine bleeding or missing IUDs have been evaluated with special reference to hysteroscopy. For the IUD-related abnormal uterine bleeding, no gross uterine or tissue pathology has been revealed except for the chronic inflammatory reaction of the endometrium. In 1/2 of the cases, the IUD had become embedded or displaced within the uterine cavity or had migrated into the uterine wall, which may have been a possible cause of the IUD-related abnormal uterine bleeding. For the detection and removal of IUDs with missing strings, partially embedded or perforated IUDs, or those with retained broken parts, the hysteroscopic procedure appeared to be invaluable and, in the opinion of the authors, would be the method of choice.
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