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  • Title: The relationship between electromyogram level and the Children's Personality Questionnaire as measures of tension in upper elementary gifted students.
    Author: Karnes FA, Oehler JJ, Jones GE.
    Journal: J Clin Psychol; 1985 Mar; 41(2):169-72. PubMed ID: 3980740.
    Abstract:
    This study investigated the relationship between biofeedback and tension as measured by an EMG and a self-report inventory, the Children's Personality Questionnaire (CPQ), in a sample of 37 intellectually gifted fourth- through seventh-graders. Results showed that indirect factors that measure tension on the CPQ were correlated significantly with biofeedback measures. Those subjects who became the most relaxed during the biofeedback training appeared the least tense on the CPQ. Contrary to these findings, the Relaxed-Tense factor of the CPQ was correlated significantly and negatively with biofeedback measures, which indicates that subjects may not have been aware of their own tense state and thus would benefit from biofeedback training.
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