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  • Title: Transition from nutcracker esophagus to diffuse esophageal spasm.
    Author: Narducci F, Bassotti G, Gaburri M, Morelli A.
    Journal: Am J Gastroenterol; 1985 Apr; 80(4):242-4. PubMed ID: 3984989.
    Abstract:
    The nutcracker esophagus is a newly defined subset of primary esophageal motility disorders that can be responsible for dysphagia and/or chest pain. Any possible relationship between this entity and diffuse esophageal spasm is poorly understood. Herein we report a case of nutcracker esophagus that showed a transition to classical diffuse esophageal spasm during 1 year follow-up. This transition supports the hypothesis that nutcracker esophagus and diffuse esophageal spasm may be related disorders.
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