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  • Title: Stability of psychotic symptomatology (delusions, hallucinations), affective syndromes, and schizophrenic symptoms (thought disorder, incongruent affect) over episodes in remitting psychoses.
    Author: Winokur G, Scharfetter C, Angst J.
    Journal: Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci; 1985; 234(5):303-7. PubMed ID: 3987739.
    Abstract:
    A study was made on 140 schizophrenics, 40 schizoaffectives, 59 unipolar depressives, and 30 bipolar affective disorder patients in order to determine the quality of psychopathology over multiple episodes. The schizoaffectives were the most likely to have multiple episodes. Among the schizophrenics, there were few episodes that lacked psychotic symptoms, but almost half of the episodes for the schizoaffectives were associated with an absence of psychotic symptoms. Three-quarters of the patients with unipolar depression and bipolar illness showed no psychotic symptoms either congruent or noncongruent. There was a striking finding that all diagnoses were associated with a decrease in psychotic symptoms over time. These psychotic symptoms (delusions and hallucinations) became particularly more scarce among the schizoaffectives, unipolars, and bipolars. There was a 50% to 67% decrease of episodes with psychotic symptoms as more episodes occurred. For schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder the first ten episodes were very similar to each other for affective syndromes, formal thought disorder and/or incongruent affect, and delusions and hallucinations. It was not until much time had passed that the symptom pictures changed.
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