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  • Title: Differential costal and crural diaphragm compensation for posture changes.
    Author: van Lunteren E, Haxhiu MA, Cherniack NS, Goldman MD.
    Journal: J Appl Physiol (1985); 1985 Jun; 58(6):1895-900. PubMed ID: 4008409.
    Abstract:
    The electromyographic (EMG) activities of the costal and crural diaphragm were recorded from bipolar fine-wire electrodes placed in the costal fibers adjacent to the central tendon and in the anterior portions of the crural fibers in 12 anesthetized cats. The EMG activities of costal and crural recordings were compared during posture changes from supine to head up and during progressive hyperoxic hypercapnia in both positions. The activity of both portions of the diaphragm was greater in the head up compared with supine posture at all levels of CO2; and increases in crural activity were greater than those in costal activity both as a result of changes in posture and with increasing CO2 stimuli. These results are consistent with the concept that diaphragm activation is modulated in response to changes in resting muscle length, and further, that neural control mechanisms allow separate regulation of costal and crural diaphragm activation.
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