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  • Title: [Prevention of cerebrovascular circulatory disorders].
    Author: Herrschaft H.
    Journal: Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr; 1985 Sep; 53(9):337-43. PubMed ID: 4043914.
    Abstract:
    On reviewing the literature, the meaning of risk factors causing stroke as well as their therapy or elimination as an effective prevention of cerebro-vascular disease is pointed out. Hypertension increases the risk of apoplexy by the fourfold, with regard to the diastolic values of blood pressure by the fivefold up to the tenfold. Consistent therapy of hypertension decreases significantly the incidence of cerebral apoplectic attacks. Manifested diabetes mellitus and even reduced glucose tolerance raise the risk of stroke by the threefold, even though factors frequently associated with diabetes (hypertension, overweight, hyperlipoidaemia) are taken into consideration. Hyperlipidaemia, hypercholesteraemia, and hypertriglyceridaemia stipulate an increase of the incidence of stroke by the twofold to the threefold. Morbidity rate rises if these abnormalities coincide with further risk factors (hypertension, reduced glucose tolerance, smoking cigarettes, hypertrophy of left heart-ECG), up to the sixfold. Nicotine consumption alone increases the risk of cerebral apoplectic attacks in relation to age, by the threefold up to the fivefold. In combination with the use of hormonal contraceptive drugs, the risk of morbidity rate in women rises to the sevenfold. Overweight of more than 30% aggravates twice the risk of stroke. Heart diseases of different kind increase the risk of apoplectic attacks by the twofold; in combination with hypertension by the fivefold. The intake of oral contraceptive drugs causes an increase of cerebral thrombo-embolic attacks by the threefold up to the fivefold, where by a relation to the content of oestrogen and to the disturbances of haemorheology is proven.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) The literature points out the meaning of risk factors causing stroke as well as their therapy or elimination as an effective prevention of cerebrovascular disease. Hypertension increases the risk of apoplexy by 4-fold, with regard to the diastolic values of blood pressure by the 5-fold up to the 10-fold. Consistent hypertension therapy decreases significantly the incidence of cerebral apoplectic attacks. Manifested diabetes mellitus and even reduced glucose tolerance raise the risk of stroke by the 3-fold, even though factors frequently associated with diabetes are taken into consideration. Hyperlipidemia, hypercholesteremia, and hypertriglyceridemia stipulate an increase of stroke incidence by the 2-fold to the 3-fold. Morbidity rate rises if these abnormalities coincide with further risk factors, up to the 6-fold. Nicotine consumption alone increases the risk of cerebral apoplectic attacks in relation to age, by the 3-fold up to the 5-fold. In combination with the use of hormonal contraceptive drugs, the risk of morbidity rate in women rises to the 7-fold. Overweight of more than 30% aggravates twice the risk of stroke. Heart diseases of different kind increase the risk of apoplectic attacks by the 2-fold, in combination with hypertension by the 5-fold. The intake of oral contraceptives (OCs) causes an increase of cerebral thromboembolic attacks by the 3-fold up to the 5-fold, whereby a relation to estrogen content and to hemorheology disturbances is proven. Blood coagulation disturbances, especially hypercoagulability with increase of blood level of fibrinogen, fibrin, and enhanced adhesiveness of thrombocytes in cerebrovascular disease are proven to be valid. By combination of various risk factors apoplexy risk is additionally increased. The possibility of surgical and neurosurgical prophylactic treatment in all stages of cerebral ischemia, caused by occlusive disease of the cartoid, vertebral, and intracranial arteries, exists in 75% of patients. With regard to the longterm results of patients with extraintracranial bypass surgery, due to stenosis or occlusion of the carotid artery in its high cervical or intracranial course, or of the middle cerebral artery, the operated group clearly was better than the nonoperated group in frequency of cerebral ischemia recurrence. The therapeutic effect of inhibitors of thrombocytic aggregates and of anticoagulants for the chemotherapeutic prevention of cerebral ischemia, is proven for acetylsalicylic acid and derivatives of coumarin. Both diminish significantly the rate of cerebral ischemia when compared with placebo-treated control groups.
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