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  • Title: Cystourethroscopy in the dog.
    Author: Biewenga WJ, van Oosterom RA.
    Journal: Vet Q; 1985 Jul; 7(3):229-31. PubMed ID: 4049718.
    Abstract:
    The cystourethroscopic examination with cold light cystoscopes forms an essential part of a complete urological examination and is useful for diagnostic as well as surgical procedures. The fast and non-invasive character of the procedure limits the inconvenience to the patient. With the rigid non-flexible scope its use is, however, limited to female dogs, unless in the male dog a urethro(s)tomy is performed.
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