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  • Title: Cyanosis in atrial septal defect due to persistent eustachian valve.
    Author: Morishita Y, Yamashita M, Yamada K, Arikawa K, Taira A.
    Journal: Ann Thorac Surg; 1985 Dec; 40(6):614-6. PubMed ID: 4074009.
    Abstract:
    Two cyanotic patients had venoarterial shunting from the inferior vena cava to the left atrium in an uncomplicated atrial septal defect with normal right ventricular pressures. Cyanosis was due to a large, anomalous inferior vena caval valve, the eustachian valve. The mechanism of cyanosis and technical problems for surgical repair are discussed.
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