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  • Title: [Echocardiographic diagnosis of total anomalous pulmonary venous return].
    Author: Valsecchi O, Carminati M, Borghi A, Balduzzi A, Bande A, Mannarino S, De Tommasi SM, Invernizzi G.
    Journal: G Ital Cardiol; 1985 Sep; 15(9):873-8. PubMed ID: 4085733.
    Abstract:
    Between March 83 and November 84, 20 patients with TAPVC were studied by cross-sectional echocardiography. The diagnosis was confirmed by catheterization, surgery or autopsy in each case. The anomalous drainage of the pulmonary veins was supracardiac in 10 patients, to the coronary sinus in 5, infracardiac in 4, mixed (supracardiac and infracardiac) in 1. The correct diagnosis was prospectively achieved in 17 patients (85); the echocardiographic examination could not show the precise site of the drainage in 2 (10); in only one patient (5) with right isomerism, double inlet indeterminate ventricle and severe pulmonary stenosis, the diagnosis of TAPVC infracardiac was missed. Seven patients (4 with TAPVC supracardiac, 3 to the coronary sinus) were sent to surgery without preoperative catheterization; the diagnosis was confirmed in all. Cross-sectional echocardiography proved to be a reliable diagnostic tool in the assessment of TAPVC. The patients in which the site of anomalous drainage is clearly identified by echo, can be sent to surgery without invasive investigation.
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