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  • Title: Formation of 5-oxoproline from glutathione in erythrocytes by the gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase-cyclotransferase pathway.
    Author: Palekar AG, Tate SS, Meister A.
    Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A; 1974 Feb; 71(2):293-7. PubMed ID: 4150022.
    Abstract:
    gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase activity was demonstrated in the membrane fraction of rabbit erythrocytes. The activity observed (with glutathione and various amino-acid acceptors) was similar in magnitude to that of the gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activities found in the soluble fraction of the cell. No transpeptidase activity was observed with either gamma-glutamyl p-nitroanilide or oxidized glutathione in contrast to the rabbit-kidney enzyme for which these compounds and glutathione serve as substrates. Erythrocyte suspensions and hemolysates formed 5-oxoproline (pyroglutamate; pyrrolidone carboxylate); the rate of 5-oxoproline formation from glutathione by hemolysates was increased by addition of methionine. The findings indicate that 5-oxoproline is an end-product of glutathione metabolism in erythrocytes, and that 5-oxoproline passes out of the erythrocyte and is metabolized in other tissues. The observed rate of 5-oxoproline formation is consistent with the conclusion that the gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase-cyclotransferase pathway, together with the synthesis of glutathione from glycine, cysteine, and glutamate, account for a large fraction of the observed amino-acid turnover of erythrocyte glutathione.
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