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  • Title: Uterine bleeding in rhesus monkeys after insertion of polyethylene and copper containing polyethylene intrauterine contraceptive devices.
    Author: Chandra H, Kar AB, Dasgupta PR.
    Journal: Indian J Exp Biol; 1973 May; 11(3):228. PubMed ID: 4205756.
    Abstract:
    The effect of polyethylene devices, with or without copper, on the incidence of postinsertion bleeding episodes in rhesus monkeys is reported. 24 rhesus monkeys were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 was fitted with the Lippes loop (No. 25). Group 2 was fitted with the loop with 2 cm copper wire (.2 mm diam.) wound around it. Group 3 was fitted with plain polyethylene T-device without copper, and Group 4 was fitted with copper-T (model TCu-200 L). Vaginal smears of all of the monkeys were examined every 12 hours for microscopic bleeding. 1 of the animals of each group showing frank uterine bleeding was sacrificed. The uterus was dissected out and processed for histological studies. The results showed that the incidence of postinsertion bleeding in rhesus monkeys varied according to the design and material of the devices. The severity of bleeding was markedly less with either the plain T-device or the T-device with copper, as compared to Lippes loop with or without this metal. The copper containing Lippes loop caused less bleeding in so far as duration and flow were concerned than the loop without copper. The severity of bleeding in animals fitted with plain T-device was less than that seen after insertion of the plain Lippes loop. This suggests that the design of the device is a crucial factor in bleeding. A comparison between plain T-devices and copper T-devices showed a beneficial action of copper in reducing the incidence of postinsertion bleeding.
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