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  • Title: Modifying echolalic speech in preschool children: training and generalization.
    Author: Palyo WJ, Cooke TP, Schuler AL, Apolloni T.
    Journal: Am J Ment Defic; 1979 Mar; 83(5):480-9. PubMed ID: 426008.
    Abstract:
    An operant-conditioning technique was used to teach three handicapped children exhibiting echolalia to respond appropriately to a series of questions. The technique included punishment of echolalic responses and reinforcement of appropriate responses that were cued by a tape recording of the appropriate response. Frequencies of correct responses to the questions increased for each child following a within-subject multiple baseline design. Echolalic responding eliminated in response to trained questions. Generalization of training to several functional responses was found in addition to increased spontaneous use of a functional phrase. Generalization of trained responses across settings and stimuli was also suggested. A 12-month follow-up of two of the subjects revealed no increase in echolalic responding and moderate maintenance of the trained responses. The subjects also showed notable response generalization to untrained questions at the time of the follow-up probe.
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