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  • Title: Direct evidence for Hageman factor (factor XII) activation by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (endotoxins).
    Author: Morrison DC, Cochrane CG.
    Journal: J Exp Med; 1974 Sep 01; 140(3):797-811. PubMed ID: 4378413.
    Abstract:
    Purified precursor Hageman factor has been demonstrated to bind to soluble bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) isolated from Escherichia coli 0111:B4, and this complex has been shown to have the capacity to convert prekallikrein to its active form. In addition, LPS-activated Hageman factor substantially reduces clotting times in XII-deficient plasma. The capacity to activate Hageman factor has been demonstrated to reside in the lipid A region of the LPS molecule. Activation of Hageman factor by LPS contrasts with fluid-phase activation (e.g., by kallikrein or trypsin) in that no cleavage to lower molecular weight fragments occurs. High concentrations of LPS inhibit the activity of Hageman factor, probably by a direct LPS-Hageman factor interaction.
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