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  • Title: [Sex hormones and bone marrow functions].
    Author: Yamamoto M, Hayashi Y, Yamada K.
    Journal: Nihon Rinsho; 1974 Nov 10; 32(11):3346-9. PubMed ID: 4615186.
    Abstract:
    In this review paper, sex hormones and their bone marrow functions are discussed. The red blood cells undergo 4 cell divisions in bone marrow before reaching their maturation. The amount of DNA, RNA, and protein in the cells vary during these developmental stages. Erythropoietin is a red blood cell growth control hormone produced in the kidney. Renal erythropoietic factor (REF) is an enzyme which converts erythropoietin into an active form called erythropoiesis-stimulating-factor (ESF). Erythropoietin stimulates the red blood cell division by increasing the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and hemoglobin in the cells. Male sex hormones work in the kidney to increase the production of renal erythropoietic factor and in turn, they indirectly increase the production of red blood cells. The male sex hormones also work independently and directly on base cells in bone marrow and stimulate the synthesis of DNA and heme. Conversely, animal experiments have shown that female sex hormones suppress the production of erythropoietin. The female sex hormones may also act directly on bone marrow cells and cause a decrease in the production of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the cells.
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