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  • Title: Tubal ectopic pregnancy: etiology and obstetric and gynecologic sequelae.
    Author: Franklin EW, Zeiderman AM.
    Journal: Am J Obstet Gynecol; 1973 Sep 15; 117(2):220-5. PubMed ID: 4728871.
    Abstract:
    This study investigated the etiologic and prognostic significance of pelvic inflammatory disease in primary and recurrent tubal pregnancies. Data from 492 patients (representing lower socioeconomic group) with tubal ectopic pregnancies seen at the Grady Memorial Hospital from January 1962 to December 1970 were compared with the characteristics of the obstetric population for the same period. The obstetric population had lower parity (2.5 in 1965 to 1.5 in 1970) and younger age (24 to 22 years old) while the study population had relatively stable parity (2.4) and age (26.9 years); this implies that occurrence of ectopic pregnancy is not random in character but can be attributed to etiologic factors, including a high incidence of asymptomatic infection (with N. gonorrhea) and pelvic inflammatory disease. Among patients who had tubal ectopic pregnancies, 61% conceived and 38% had at least one conception resulting in a viable infant; 39% remained infertile. 27% of repeat ectopic pregnancies were observed among patients who had initial ectopic pregnancies. Further research on the epidemiologic and etiologic factors of ectopic pregnancies will aid the physician in deciding the choice of operative procedure (salpingo-oophorectomy vs. salpingectomy) for patients with initial ectopic pregnancies.
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