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  • Title: Evaluation of the Gravigard intrauterine copper contraceptive device.
    Author: Macourt DC.
    Journal: Med J Aust; 1974 May 04; 1(18):717-8. PubMed ID: 4851932.
    Abstract:
    The plastic intrauterine device is now being used as a carrier to hold the contraceptive agent (copper in this case) in the uterus. The action of copper as a contraceptive agent is thought to be due to an alteration in intrauterine environment thus preventing implantation and causing rapid loss or destruction of the fertilized ova. Studies show that such local use of copper appears to be safe over long-term use, and no changes in cervical cytology or endometrial histology and no evidence of tumor production due to copper have been seen. Presented here is a study of 127 women using a Gravigard (Copper 7) IUD. The patients ranged from 18 to 42 years old, and 33 (26%) were nulliparous. Insertion was easy in 111 (87%), there were minor problems in 10 (8%), and difficulties in 6 (4.7%). The majority of patients had no immediate postinsertion pain or problems, but 11 (9%) did complain of uterine cramps or symptoms of faintness or nausea. 3 patients were lost to follow-up, and the remaining 124 women were followed over a total of 1089 woman-months. 7 patients (5.5%) expelled the Gravigard, 3 (2.4%) became pregnant, and 10 (7.9%) had their IUDs removed for medical reasons.
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