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  • Title: Detection of carotid occlusive disease by ultrasonic imaging and pulsed Doppler spectrum analysis.
    Author: Blackshear WM, Phillips DJ, Thiele BL, Hirsch JH, Chikos PM, Marinelli MR, Ward KJ, Strandness DE.
    Journal: Surgery; 1979 Nov; 86(5):698-706. PubMed ID: 494062.
    Abstract:
    Ultrasonic imaging of the cervical carotid arteries by ultrasonic arteriography and duplex scanning combined with pulsed Doppler spectrum analysis were investigated in a series of patients undergoing arteriography. By using the ultrasonic image as a guide for precise placement of the pulsed Doppler sample volume, the characteristics of blood flow at points of interest in the carotid arteries could be determined. Audible analysis of the Doppler signal permitted correct diagnosis of 23 of 26 (88%) high-grade stenoses or occlusions with ultrasonic arteriography and 24 of 26 (92%) with duplex scanning. Spectrum analysis of Doppler signals obtained with the duplex scanner detected all of the 22 high-grade stenoses. Spectral abnormalities of a lesser degree also were detected in 18 of 23 vessels (78%) with atherosclerotic plaques which should not have reduced cerebral blood flow. These techniques permit the accurate detection of and the distinction between high-grade stenoses and occlusion, as well as the identification of many plaques which are not large enough to affect intracranial hemodynamics.
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