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  • Title: Observations on the small kidney associated with vesicoureteral reflux.
    Author: Ambrose SS, Parrott TS, Woodard JR, Campbell WG.
    Journal: Trans Am Assoc Genitourin Surg; 1979; 71():144-5. PubMed ID: 545806.
    Abstract:
    Of 63 patients with reflux and renal atrophy renal dysplasia was found in 9.5%. Pyelonephritis was apparent in 81% of the atrophic lesions. Urinary obstruction or ectasia was apparent in each case with dysplasia and only 2 were associated with histologic evidence of pyelonephritis. Pyelonephritis appears to be a major causal factor in atrophy occurring in renal units with reflux. Early urinary tract obstruction or distension may predispose to renal dysplasia.
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