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  • Title: Osmotic minipumps for administration of barbital to mice: demonstration of functional tolerance and physical dependence.
    Author: Siew C, Goldstein DB.
    Journal: J Pharmacol Exp Ther; 1978 Mar; 204(3):541-6. PubMed ID: 564954.
    Abstract:
    Sodium barbital was administered to mice at a constant rate by miniature osmotic pumps implanted subcutaneously. Each pump delivered approximately 0.25 mg/hr. With two pumps per mouse, blood barbital levels of 20 to 30 microgram/ml could be maintained for various periods. Barbital was assayed by gas chromatography. Functional tolerance was shown by a significant decrease in sleep time after a challenge dose of barbital administered 24 hours after withdrawal. Physical dependence was demonstrated by withdrawal hyperexcitability as measured either with pentylenetetrazol or by convulsions elicited by handling.
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