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  • Title: Surgical and obstetrical complications of intrauterine devices in a specialty hospital.
    Author: Kushner DH, Jaffurs WJ, Townsend CE, Thomas MA.
    Journal: Int J Fertil; 1969; 14(1):48-50. PubMed ID: 5766926.
    Abstract:
    A 3 year study (January 1964-October 1967) of 3250 intrauterine insertions and complications at Columbia Hospital was made. 422 devices were removed due to abnormal bleeding (7 requiring hospital admission). 1 Birnberg Bow user required hysterectomy to control bleeding. 36 removals were due to inflammatory disease; 22 removals were cramping; 2 involved perforations of the uterus; and 2 pregnancies with device in situ resulted. Intrauterine devices are effective contraceptives and these severe cases should be weighted against protection afforded the balance of users.
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