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  • Title: Fontan procedure--indication and clinical results.
    Author: de Vivie ER, Ruschewski W, Köveker G, Risch D, Weber H, Beuren AJ.
    Journal: Thorac Cardiovasc Surg; 1981 Dec; 29(6):348-54. PubMed ID: 6179216.
    Abstract:
    Twenty-six patients with tricuspid atresia (15), univentricular heart (7), and single ventricle (4) underwent 27 Fontan or modified Fontan procedures between 1975 and 1981. The age of the patients varied between 4 and 26 years. Twenty patients had had a total of 33 palliative operations prior to correction. The original Fontan procedure was performed in 10 patients from 1975 to 1977. According to the various anatomical findings modifications of the Fontan procedure, such as direct anastomosis or implantation of a valveless conduit, were introduced in 1977. Early mortality among all the patients was 22% (6 patients died). Three deaths occurred in the initial period 1975 to 1977. Among the last 20 patients (1978 to 1981) there were 3 early deaths. Three patients with single ventricle survived, one died due to pulmonary failure. There were 2 late deaths (sepsis, sudden cardiac death). Postoperative cardiac catheterization performed in 17 patients revealed excellent results in 13 patients; the remaining 4 displayed diminished arterial oxygen saturation, three of them had Glenn palliation prior to corrective surgery. Postoperative right atrial mean pressure varied from 10 to 23 mmHg. The left ventricular parameters were within the normal range.
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