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  • Title: Pavlovian conditioning with ethanol and lithium: effects on heart rate and taste aversion in rats.
    Author: Wilkin LD, Cunningham CL, Fitzgerald RD.
    Journal: J Comp Physiol Psychol; 1982 Oct; 96(5):781-90. PubMed ID: 6292269.
    Abstract:
    Rats received paired injections of either ethanol or saline as the conditioned stimulus and lithium chloride as the unconditioned stimulus (US) in a Pavlovian differential conditioning paradigm. Lithium chloride evoked a large deceleration in heart rate (80-100 beats per minute) as an unconditioned response. As a result of 10 conditioning trials, the substance paired with LiCl elicited a lower average heart rate than that elicited by the unpaired substance. Moreover, animals that received ethanol-LiCl injections subsequently were more averse to the taste of ethanol than animals receiving saline-LiCl pairings. However, there were no differences in ethanol's ability to serve as the US to induce an aversion to a novel flavor solution (i.e., the Avfail phenomenon was not observed). The overall pattern of results underscores the value of using multiple indexes of learning in drug-drug conditioning paradigms.
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