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  • Title: Surgical treatment of carcinoma of the breast. I. Pathological finding and pattern of relapse.
    Author: Lee YT, Terry R.
    Journal: J Surg Oncol; 1983 May; 23(1):11-5. PubMed ID: 6302400.
    Abstract:
    This is a retrospective review of 476 patients who had mastectomy for carcinoma of the breast during 1971-1980. There is a positive correlation of size of the primary tumor and the incidence of axillary nodal metastasis. Infiltrating ductal and lobular carcinoma had a significantly higher incidence of nodal metastasis (and greater change of having four or more positive nodes) than that of medullary and colloid carcinomas. Colloid carcinoma smaller than 4 cm and the less common histological subtypes (comedo, tubular, papillary carcinomas) rarely metastasizes. At a median follow-up time of 53 months, 23% of patients with infiltrating ductal, lobular, or medullary carcinomas and who did not have nodal metastasis had relapse, while 50% of those with nodal involvement had relapse. Among those who relapsed, 18% initially had only locoregional recurrence, 60% had distant metastasis, and 22% had both types.
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