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  • Title: Treatment by external fixation of open fractures associated with severe soft tissue damage of the leg. Biomechanical principles and clinical experience.
    Author: Etter C, Burri C, Claes L, Kinzl L, Raible M.
    Journal: Clin Orthop Relat Res; 1983 Sep; (178):80-8. PubMed ID: 6349900.
    Abstract:
    External fixation is the treatment of choice for fractures of the leg involving severe damage to the soft tissue. Each of the various patterns of application has advantages and disadvantages. Based on various biomechanical studies and clinical experience, the authors use a right-angle arrangement for the screws. If the type of fracture permits, internal and external fixation may significantly increase stability. During the period from 1978 to 1980, 56 patients with second- and third-degree open fractures were treated. A combination of external and internal fixation was used in 42 patients. Of the 44 patients re-evaluated at follow-up examinations, 19 had returned to unrestricted weight-bearing within 19.8 weeks. If no signs of bony union are noted ten to 12 weeks after the initial operation, cancellous bone grafting and internal fixation instead of external fixation are indicated. Twenty-three patients were fully weight-bearing an average of 14 weeks after internal fixation and cancellous bone grafting. Two patients had difficult problems and did not return to full weight-bearing until about 45 weeks after operation.
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