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  • Title: Hepatocyte DNA replication: effect of nutrients and intermediary metabolites.
    Author: McGowan JA, Russell WE, Bucher NL.
    Journal: Fed Proc; 1984 Jan; 43(1):131-3. PubMed ID: 6360714.
    Abstract:
    Isolated adult rat liver parenchymal cells maintained in serum-free medium are stimulated by insulin and epidermal growth factor (EGF) to undergo DNA synthesis. Pyruvate, lactate, and, to a lesser extent, several other intermediary metabolites strikingly enhance DNA synthesis both under serum-free culture conditions and in the presence of dialyzed rat serum. High concentrations (2-50 mM) of these low-molecular-weight metabolites are necessary to produce optimal stimulation. Both alanine (greater than 2 mM) and glutamine (greater than 4 mM) are inhibitory under similar conditions. Glucose, although not required for hepatocyte maintenance or stimulation in the presence of insulin and EGF, acts synergistically with pyruvate to enhance DNA synthesis in a complete mixture.
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